Mangubat, M., Del Mundo, F., Atento, R. G., & Manzana, P. A. (2026). Digital Readiness and the Evolving E-Commerce Divide in ASEAN: A Composite Index Analysis, 2013–2023. Journal of Enterprise Strategy and Management Innovation (JESMI), 1(4). https://doi.org/10.65166/gda5dq22