Microplastic Contamination and Gram-Negative Bacterial Profiles in Sardinella fimbriata Collected from Manila Bay
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https://doi.org/10.65166/zt30xk47关键词:
Sardinella fimbriata, microplastic contamination, gram-negative bacteria, marine food safety, Manila Bay, VITEK 2 system, elagic fish摘要
Microplastic pollution has emerged as a growing concern in marine ecosystems due to its persistence and potential role in transporting pathogenic microorganisms. Small pelagic fish such as Sardinella fimbriata, which are widely consumed and occupy a key position in the marine food web, may be particularly vulnerable to microplastic ingestion. The study aimed to assess the presence of microplastics in S. fimbriata collected from Manila Bay and to identify associated gram-negative bacteria using an automated identification system. A descriptive–correlational design was employed involving ten S. fimbriata specimens obtained from the Navotas Fisheries Port Complex. Fish stomachs were subjected to chemical digestion using potassium hydroxide and wet oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulfate, followed by microscopic examination and confirmation through a hot needle test for microplastic detection. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated using selective and enrichment media and identified through the VITEK 2 system. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with fragments observed in a substantial proportion of microscopic fields. Multiple gram-negative bacterial species were identified, including Enterobacter cloacae, Shewanella algae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Serratia odorifera, and Cronobacter sakazakii. Correlational analysis indicated strong positive associations between microplastic burden and fish size parameters, including length and weight. The consistent detection of microplastics and the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria highlight possible food safety and public health concerns associated with fish harvested from heavily impacted coastal waters, underscoring the need for continued monitoring of marine pollution and seafood quality.
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