Assessing the Anti-angiogenic Potential of Sea moss (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Crude Extract using CAM Assay
##doi.readerDisplayName##:
https://doi.org/10.65166/4htbgt55关键词:
Kappaphycus alvarezii, sea moss, angiogenesis, CAM assay, anti-angiogenic, Image J摘要
Angiogenesis is a critical biological process that supports tumor growth and metastasis by enabling sustained oxygen and nutrient delivery. Inhibiting angiogenesis is therefore a mechanistically relevant strategy in cancer research, and natural products—including marine-derived extracts—remain important candidates for screening. This study evaluated the anti-angiogenic potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii (sea moss) crude extract using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay on fertilized duck eggs. A true experimental design was implemented with four extract concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 200 µg/mL), a negative control (distilled water), and a positive control (70% ethanol). Phytochemical screening reported the presence of sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and tannins. Anti-angiogenic outcomes were quantified through ImageJ-derived vascular length, vessel diameter, and vascular density metrics, assessed across three independent trials (n = 18 eggs total; 3 trials × 6 groups). One-way ANOVA results indicated no statistically significant group differences for vascular length (p = 0.153) and vascular diameter (p = 0.367). In contrast, vascular density differed significantly across groups (p = 0.001), with post-hoc tests indicating significant differences between the negative control and the 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL conditions. The 200 µg/mL condition was not significantly different from the positive control for vascular density. Overall, the findings provide preliminary CAM-based evidence that K. alvarezii crude extract exhibits anti-angiogenic activity most clearly via vascular density reduction at higher concentrations, warranting further fractionation, safety testing, and validation in additional models.
##plugins.themes.default.displayStats.downloads##
参考
Achondo Jr., C. , Acctanasiri, K. , Agraan, S. , Alingayao, L. , Anzures, Y. , Apalisok, M. , Araya, E. , Arenque, M. , Arocena, M. , Gupta, A. , Dey, S. , Patel, A. & Villanueva, G. V. (2021). Anti-angiogenic Activity of Moringa oleifera Ethanolic Leaf Extract in Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Assay. Philippine Scientific Journal, 54(1), 10-15.
Alasvand, M., Assadollahi, V., Ambra, R., Hedayati, E., Kooti, W., & Peluso, I. (2019). Antiangiogenic effect of alkaloids. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, 9475908.
Al-Ostoot, F. H., Salah, S., Khamees, H. A., & Khanum, S. A. (2021). Tumor angiogenesis: Current challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Treatment and Research Communications, 28, 100422.
Anggadiredja, J. T., Zatnika, A., Purwoto, H., & Istini, S. (2020). Rumput laut, pembudidayaan, pengolahan, dan pemasaran komoditas perikanan potensial. Penebar Swadaya.
Arsianti, A., Bahtiar, A., & Fajriah, S. (2020). Phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity and cell line study of marine red macroalgae Eucheuma cottonii on lung A-549 cancer cells. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(2), 276–281.
Cotas, J., Leandro, A., Pacheco, D., Gonçalves, A. M. M., & Pereira, L. (2020). A comprehensive review of the nutraceutical and therapeutic applications of red seaweeds (Rhodophyta). Life, 10(3), 19.
Diaz, L. K. R., Cheng, M. I. D., Espeja, R., Frayre, D. D. Q., Gammad, J. B., Hilario, J. A. B., Manalo, N. A. C., Santos, C. A. T., Tan, L. M. B., & Quinto, L. F. (2025). In-vitro anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties of crude Aspergillus terreus extract. International Journal of Health & Business Analytics, *1*(1). https://doi.org/10.65166/60zfnq09
Guo, J., Qi, M., Chen, H., Zhou, C., Ruan, R., Yan, X., & Cheng, P. (2022). Macroalgae-derived multifunctional bioactive substances: The potential applications for food and pharmaceuticals. Foods, 11(21), 3455.
Jia, S., Li, L., Yu, C., & Peng, F. (2024). Natural products' antiangiogenic roles in gynecological cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1353056.
Liboon, Jonathan & Datorin, Xynnel & Barazan, Patricia & Guanzon, Lorenz Ann. (2020). ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY OF CARABAO GRASS (Paspalum conjugatum) EXTRACTS IN CAM ASSAY.
Morcilla, J. S., Al Bozom, I., Adham, A., Murshed, K., & Quinto, L. F. (2025). Investigation of an appropriate decalcifying agent for bone biopsy specimens submitted for histomorphologic analyses and immunohistochemical studies. International Journal of Health & Business Analytics, *1*(2). https://doi.org/10.65166/y1s38453
National Cancer Institute. (2018). Angiogenesis inhibitors. National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy/angiogenesis-inhibitors-fact-sheet
National Cancer Institute. (2021). What is cancer? National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer
National Cancer Institute. (2024). Cancer statistics. National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics
National Cancer Institute. (2024). Types of cancer treatment. National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types
Newman, D. J., & Cragg, G. M. (2020). Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Products, 83(3), 770–803.
Prado, A. D. L. D., Bailão, E. F. L. C., Nabout, J. C., Rabachini, T., Reis, P. R. D. M., Gonçalves, P. J., & Almeida, L. M. (2019). The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay as a model for the study of angiogenesis. Bioscience Journal, 35, 1262–1275.
Putri, A. S., Susidarti, R. A., & Udin, Z. (2021). A mini systematic review: Eucheuma cottonii, a red algae, as a radiosensitizer? Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 5(1), 7–15.
Ribatti, D., & Tamma, R. (2020). The use of the chick embryo CAM assay in the study of angiogenic activity of biomaterials. Microvascular Research, 131, 104026.
Sofiana, N. (2021). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottoni from Lemukutan Island waters, West Kalimantan. Saintek Perikanan: Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 17(4).
Stryker, Z. I., Rajabi, M., Davis, P. J., & Mousa, S. A. (2019). Evaluation of angiogenesis assays. Biomedicines, 7(2), 37.
Teleanu, R. I., Chircov, C., Grumezescu, A. M., & Teleanu, D. M. (2019). Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic strategies for cancer treatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(1), 84.
Temporada, K., Quinto, L., Tarraya, D. A., Sison, F. C., Marfil, J. F., Ramirez, C., & Ng, W. J. (2025). Awareness and preventive practices on leptospirosis in flood-prone communities of Marikina City, Philippines. International Journal of Health & Business Analytics, *1*(1). https://doi.org/10.65166/x71zvx65
Ullah, A., Munir, S., Badshah, S. L., Khan, N., Ghani, L., Poulson, B. G., Emwas, A.-H., & Jaremko, M. (2020). Important flavonoids and their role as a therapeutic agent. Molecules, 25(22), 5243.
Wang, J., Zhang, X. H., Xu, X., Zhu, Q., Yao, B., Liang, S., & Wu, M. (2020). Pro-angiogenic activity of Tongnao decoction on HUVECs in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 254, 112737.
Wei, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Flavonoids with anti-angiogenesis function in cancer. Molecules, 29(7), 1570.
World Health Organization. (2022). Cancer. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
Ylagan, H. M., Aguirre, K. A. G. C., Briones, L. A., Briones, P. N. P., Canapi, C. V. T., Corpuz, K. M. R., Esmelo, A. J. M., Ganacial, V. J. M., Gasid, K. M. M., Ledesma, A. F. P., Marasigan, K. V. O., Miraples, M. B., Santos, E. G. D., Valdez, J. F. L., & Quinto, L. F. (2025). Post-rehabilitation heavy metal contamination analysis of kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivated in the Pasig River Waterway, Manggahan Floodway. International Journal of Health & Business Analytics, *1*(2). https://doi.org/10.65166/xf4mm102
##submission.downloads##
已出版
##submission.license##
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer##This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright of their articles but grant the International Journal of Health & Business Analytics (IJHBA) the right of first publication.
